Preprints

• Shuzhou Yuan, Ercong Nie, Yinuo Sun, Chenxuan Zhao, William LaCroix, Michael Färber. Beyond Over-Refusal: Scenario-Based Diagnostics and Post-Hoc Mitigation for Exaggerated Refusals in LLMs. In arXiv 2025. [Paper]
• Minghan Li, Miyang Luo, Tianrui Lv, Yishuai Zhang, Siqi Zhao, Ercong Nie, Guodong Zhou. A Survey of Long-Document Retrieval in the PLM and LLM Era. In arXiv 2025. [Paper]
• Minghan Li, Xinxuan Lv, Junjie Zou, Tongna Chen, Chao Zhang, Suchao An, Ercong Nie, Guodong Zhou. Query Expansion in the Age of Pre-trained and Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Survey. In arXiv 2025. [Paper]
• Sikuan Yan*, Xiufeng Yang*, Zuchao Huang, Ercong Nie, Zifeng Ding, Zonggen Li, Xiaowen Ma, Hinrich Schütze, Volker Tresp, Yunpu Ma. Memory-R1: Enhancing Large Language Model Agents to Manage and Utilize Memories via Reinforcement Learning. In arXiv 2025. [Paper]
• Shuzhou Yuan, William LaCroix, Hardik Ghoshal, Ercong Nie, Michael Färber. CoDAE: Adapting Large Language Models for Education via Chain-of-Thought Data Augmentation. In arXiv 2025. [Paper]
• Yongkang Liu, Xingle Xu, Ercong Nie, Zijing Wang, Shi Feng, Daling Wang, Qian Li, Hinrich Schütze. Look Within or Look Beyond? A Theoretical Comparison Between Parameter-Efficient and Full Fine-Tuning. In arXiv 2025. [Paper]
• Chunkit Chan, Yauwai Yim, Hongchuan Zeng, Zhiying Zou, Xinyuan Cheng, Zhifan Sun, Zheye Deng, Kawai Chung, Yuzhuo Ao, Yixiang Fan, Cheng Jiayang, Ercong Nie, Ginny Y Wong, Helmut Schmid, Hinrich Schütze, Simon See, Yangqiu Song. XToM: Exploring the Multilingual Theory of Mind for Large Language Models. In arXiv 2025. [Paper]

Conference

• Shuzhou Yuan*, Ercong Nie*, Lukas Kouba, Ashish Yashwanth Kangen, Helmut Schmid, Hinrich Schütze, Michael Farber. LLM in the Loop: Creating the ParaDeHate Dataset for Hate Speech Detoxification. In IJCNLP-AACL 2025 Findings. [Paper]
• Ercong Nie, Shuzhou Yuan, Bolei Ma, Helmut Schmid, Michael Färber, Frauke Kreuter, Hinrich Schütze. Decomposed prompting: Unveiling multilingual linguistic structure knowledge in english-centric large language models. In IJCNLP-AACL 2025 Findings. [Paper]
• Ercong Nie, Helmut Schmid, Hinrich Schütze. Mechanistic Understanding and Mitigation of Language Confusion in English-Centric Large Language Models. In EMNLP 2025 Findings. [Paper], [Code]
• Yihong Liu, Mingyang Wang, Amir Hossein Kargaran, Felicia Körner, Ercong Nie, Barbara Plank, François Yvon, Hinrich Schütze. Tracing Multilingual Factual Knowledge Acquisition in Pretraining. In EMNLP 2025 Findings. [Paper]
• Ercong Nie*, Bo Shao*, Zifeng Ding, Mingyang Wang, Helmut Schmid, Hinrich Schütze. BMIKE-53: Investigating cross-lingual knowledge editing with in-context learning. In ACL 2025 (oral). [Paper], [Code]
• Linyang He, Ercong Nie, Helmut Schmid, Hinrich Schütze, Nima Mesgarani, Jonathan Brennan. Large Language Models as Neurolinguistic Subjects: Identifying Internal Representations for Form and Meaning. In ACL Findings 2025. [Paper]
• Mingyang Wang, Heike Adel, Lukas Lange, Yihong Liu, Ercong Nie, Jannik Strötgen, Hinrich Schütze. Lost in Multilinguality: Dissecting Cross-lingual Factual Inconsistency in Transformer Language Models. In ACL 2025 [Paper]
• Wenhan Feng, Anqi Zhu, Thanh Phuoc Ho, Ercong Nie, Beiduo Chen, Shijia Zhou, Hao Su, Liang Emlyn Yang. Generative agent-based modeling for climate adaptation policy: A flood resilience perspective. In ESSA SSC 2025. [In Publication]
• Shuzhou Yuan*, Ercong Nie*, Bolei Ma, Michael Färber. Why lift so heavy? Slimming large language models by cutting off the layers. In IJCNN 2025. [Paper]
• Shuzhou Yuan, Ercong Nie, Michael Färber, Helmut Schmid, Hinrich Schuetze. GNNavi: Navigating the Information Flow in Large Language Models by Graph Neural Network. In ACL Findings 2024. [Paper], [Code]
• Linyang He, Peili Chen, Ercong Nie, Yuanning Li, Jonathan R. Brennan. Decoding Probing: Revealing Internal Linguistic Structures in Neural Language Models Using Minimal Pairs. In LREC-COLING 2024. [Paper]
• Yongkang Liu*, Ercong Nie*, Shi Feng, Zheng Hua, Zifeng Ding, Daling Wang, Yifei Zhang, Hinrich Schütze. A Unified Data Augmentation Framework for Low-Resource Multi-domain Dialogue Generation . In ECML-PKDD 2024. [Paper]
• Bolei Ma*, Ercong Nie*, Shuzhou Yuan, Helmut Schmid, Michael Färber, Frauke Kreuter, Hinrich Schuetze. ToPro: Token-Level Prompt Decomposition for Cross-Lingual Sequence Labeling Tasks. In EACL 2024 (oral). [Paper], [Code]
• Ercong Nie, Helmut Schmid, Hinrich Schuetze. Unleashing the Multilingual Encoder Potential: Boosting Zero-Shot Performance via Probability Calibration. In EMNLP Findings 2023. [Paper], [Code]
• Ercong Nie*, Sheng Liang*, Helmut Schmid, Hinrich Schütze. Cross-Lingual Retrieval Augmented Prompt for Low-Resource Languages. In ACL Findings 2023. [Paper], [Code]
• Bolei Ma, Ercong Nie, Helmut Schmid, Hinrich Schuetze. Is Prompt-Based Finetuning Always Better than Vanilla Finetuning? Insights from Cross-Lingual Language Understanding. In KONVENS 2023. [paper], [Code]

Workshop

• Shuzhou Yuan*, Ercong Nie*, Mario Tawfelis, Helmut Schmid, Hinrich Schütze, Michael Farber. Hateful Person or Hateful Model? Investigating the Role of Personas in Hate Speech Detection by Large Language Models. In EMNLP 2025 Workshop PALS. [Paper]
• Linyang He*, Ercong Nie*, Sukru Samet Dindar, Arsalan Firoozi, Adrian Florea, Van Nguyen, Corentin Puffay, Riki Shimizu, Haotian Ye, Jonathan Brennan, Helmut Schmid, Hinrich Schütze, Nima Mesgarani. XCOMPS: A Multilingual Benchmark of Conceptual Minimal Pairs. In ACL 2025 Workshop SIGTYP. [Paper]
• Lovisa Hagström, Ercong Nie, Ruben Halifa, Helmut Schmid, Richard Johansson, Alexander Junge. Language Model Re-rankers are Steered by Lexical Similarities. In ACL Workshop FEVER. [Paper]
• Huixin Chen, Jan Büssing, David Rügamer, Ercong Nie†. Team MGTD4ADL at SemEval-2024 Task 8: Leveraging (Sentence) Transformer Models with Contrastive Learning for Identifying Machine-Generated Text. In SemEval-2024@NAACL. [Paper]
• Xiaoqian Li, Ercong Nie, Sheng Liang. From Classification to Generation: Insights into Crosslingual Retrieval Augmented ICL. In Instruction-2023@NeurIPS. [Paper]
• Zheyu Zhang*, Han Yang*, Bolei Ma*, David Rügamer, Ercong Nie†. Baby’s CoThought: Leveraging Large Language Models for Enhanced Reasoning in Compact Models. In CONLL-BabyLM 2023. [Paper]
• Xiaoqian Li, Ercong Nie, Sheng Liang. Crosslingual Retrieval Augmented In-context Learning for Bangla. In BLP-2023@EMNLP. [Paper]
• Ercong Nie, Helmut Schmid, Hinrich Schütze. Cross-Lingual Constituency Parsing for Middle High German: A Delexicalized Approach. In ALP-2023@RANLP. [Paper]
• Ingo Ziegler, Bolei Ma, Ercong Nie, Bernd Bischl, David Rügamer, Benjamin Schubert, Emilio Dorigatti. What cleaves? Is proteasomal cleavage prediction reaching a ceiling?. In LMRL-2022@NeurIPS. [Paper]
• Ercong Nie. Fine-Tuned Sentence Transformer Model for Question Answering Task. In StuTS 2022. [Paper]

Datasets and Resources

• Jürg Fleischer, Lena Haden, Martin Klotz, Ercong Nie, Helmut Schmid, Gohar Schnelle, Lilian Slawski, and Lars Erik Zeige. Korpus Zur Erforschung Von Registerphänomenen Bei Martin Luther (regil). Zenodo 2025.

(* denotes equal contribution, † denotes corresponding author.)